HPRgument Blog — May 10, 2010 10:39 pm

An Assault on the Defense of Manliness

By

Sometimes the only way to properly criticize someone with ridiculous views is to quote them at length, and then, channeling Seth and Amy from “Saturday Night Live,” say with as much surprise and disdain as one can muster, “Really?!”

I found myself saying “Really?!” a lot this morning when I read Rachel Wagley’s “defense of manliness” in the Harvard Crimson.

First, I wondered what Rachel could mean by “manliness.” Thankfully, she clarified: “Manliness is confidence in the face of risk, according to Professor Harvey C. Mansfield ’53 in Manliness.’”

Really!? By this definition, Rachel’s confidence in the face of the risk of being laughed at by everyone at Harvard makes her “manly.” And bonus “Really!?” for citing Harvey Mansfield as if he were a serious scholar rather than a cranky hackan equal opportunity misreader.” (revised for the sake of charity)

Wagley continues: “Our tendencies to harp on gender inequality, denounce final clubs, and reprimand male pride lead us to ignore manhood’s intrinsic good.”

Really?! How does harping on gender inequality harm men? How does trying to “prove that women are equal” deny men “the right to pride”? One waits patiently, almost femininely, for an explanation.

An explanation seems forthcoming when Wagley reveals the time-peg for her article: a three-week-old event hosted by Harvard Men Against Rape. Surely here we will be presented with something approaching evidence.

The reader is disappointed to discover that Wagley has no substantial quotes from Michael Kimmel, the special guest at the HMAR event. “We’ve heard it before,” Wagley says, presumably paraphrasing Kimmel, “Men are privileged megalomaniacs; male groups are arrogant and purposeless.” Umm, no, I hadn’t heard that before. And I’d wager neither has Michael Kimmel.

But alas, here is a Kimmel quote we can properly scorn. “Instead of envisioning a gallant standard,” Wagley relates, “Kimmel told the men to always ‘get consent’ before continuing on their merry sexual ways.”

Really?! What is gallant about not getting consent? one wonders.

All becomes clear: “Consent is a miserable substitute for nobility, a legalistic detour around an incredibly personal situation.”

Really?! In the world inhabited by every other Harvard student, consent is not a substitute for anything. It is not a detour, and it is not legalistic. Before you have sex, you need to have consent. You can talk about nobility after you get consent. You can express your manly virtue in any position you want, after you get consent. If you don’t have consent, you’re not a man. You’re a rapist.

“If men enjoy asserting meaning and power, then give men dignified aspirations, so they don’t assert their power on the dance floor.”

Really?! Rachel thinks that men, 83 of whom populate the United States Senate and 43 of whom have been president, lack for “dignified aspirations.” Really?!

Wagley goes on: “Men do not employ their determination and honor to woo girls with mandolins in House courtyards. But we no longer expect this. Instead, we call respect and chivalry patriarchal.”

Really?! Playing mandolins in the courtyard is chivalrous? Who has a mandolin anyway? And who exactly calls respect and chivalry patriarchal? one wonders in vain.

“Chivalrous romance that animates the soul is outdated, but our rational modernity threatens our deepest fantasies.”

Really?! Unless your deepest fantasies involve bubonic plague and a life expectancy of 30, how exactly does rational modernity threaten them? Here we are living in our rationally modern world, but we still have creatures like Wagley’s father, who, as she tells us, talks about sports and wears stained T-shirts and eats red meat. The poor, assaulted relic of a bygone age! What a shame to have to be… utterly normal. Stereotypical even. The threat of rational modernity, or an early coronary, must be palpable as he wolfs down his prime rib.

“Our frantic mission for ‘gender equality’ in romantic relations assumes that female patience, passivity, and committed endurance—perhaps the most demanding trials of all—are less equal.”

Really?! These are the qualities that Wagley associates with femininity? Pray tell us, Rachel, how exactly your patience helped you get into Harvard? How did your passivity play with the boys at the Heritage Foundation last summer? I have never seen such an unabashed embrace of the most ridiculous gender stereotypes.

“An optimistic male audience member asked Kimmel how we can re-inspire manly virtue and create noble men. Kimmel responded that there are no good distinctively manly qualities, rejecting the uniqueness of manhood in a room full of talented men.”

Really?! Are these men talented because they’re men? Please explain, Rachel, how having testicles and a Y chromosome gives us these “unique” virtues.

“Take a moment to admire Heinrich Harrer’s aggressive spirit of pursuit, Tom Sawyer’s territorialism, Nelson Mandela’s courage, and the stranger in the courtyard who held open the gate. Endless illustrations of manly nobility, honor, and courage abound on Harvard’s campus.”

Really?! You can’t just put the word “manly” in front of good qualities and be done with it. Are there no noble, honorable, courageous women, or is it just that none of them can play the mandolin?

All right, that’s enough quotes. Time to take stock. One might observe that, having defined manliness as “confidence in the face of risk,” Wagley’s every example of “manly” virtue had nothing to do with that definition: we saw a meat-eating father, a predatory rapist, a mandolin-playing weirdo, and a dude holding the gate open. Confidence in the face of risk? Seems more likely that Rachel’s definition of manliness is whatever she wants it to be, whatever corresponds to her warped imaginings of the past.

One might also observe that Rachel seems to be criticizing some allegedly dominant viewpoint, but that we never really get to hear what that viewpoint is. All we get is the nonsense about Kimmel, paraphrasing things he couldn’t possibly have said (that men are “megalomaniacs”) and scornfully citing reasonable things he actually said (men should get consent and fight rape). Wagley talks about “Harvard’s culture” and “our tendencies,” but she offers no evidence, no explanation, no elaboration.

The most unfortunate thing? This little brouhaha will only confirm Wagley in her views. That’s the way the game is played here at Harvard: conservative writes incredibly inane column, everyone gets upset and points out how inane it is, conservative retreats to conservative friends for vindication and the awarding of the Antagonizer of Campus Liberals Award, given monthly to the conservative writer who can get the most “Really?!”s (both actual and metaphorical) out of his or her readers.

And here I am, in the middle of finals week, with over a thousand words that could have been replaced with just one. Really?

Photo credit: Flickr stream of Josh Lowensohn

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  • Rachel Wagley

    Oh, obviously virtue is human, and obviously girls can be all those things too. I certainly hope that if nothing else, people might say I have some “manly” qualities myself! I’m tempted to think that you did not really read the article – you just pulled quotes and wrote “really?” after them without understanding the point.

    I’m saying that those are things often attributed to manhood, and often valued by men, (and it’s a side argument, but perhaps – generally – there is a different sort of courage exhibited by men and women, also a different way to pursue things, also a different type of communication — this does not mean that either method is better than the other) and by not recognizing the inherent good in being a man, we can lose our ability to provoke men to act nobly.

    I know it’s hotly debated on campus, but it’s worth noting that men (generally) are (sometimes very) different from women in the way they think, act, and feel. Since there are differences, and since we want all people to strive for virtue, I think we should build self-esteem in the way many (not all) men find value – or affirming manliness. The fact is that many men do identify with these traits, and we should legitimize that.

    Applying the conception that men and women are identical is also a stereotype that I would combat to the death, and it’s a stereotype that’s pushed onto people at Harvard because it’s a popular line of social ‘liberalism’. Biology, psychology, sociology, the list goes on – all these fields find differences between men and women. Indeed, manhood is biologically driven and socially cultivated. Most people understand that stating there are differences between men and women is a common-sense claim. (Of course, we all must speak in generalities.)

    It’s hard to appeal to everyone, but I talked with a lot of random guys who put forward these thoughts after being disheartened at Kimmel’s lecture. And I think in a discussion about sexism, grouping guys into a category of sex, violence, and video games is very destructive. Putting forth character traits that define what men could aspire to in no way discludes women.

    It is a simplistic read to ignore what’s said, refuse to find truth, and just declare that it’s sexist, when it actually says nothing that is sexist. .

    Of course, I’m all about affirming women as well, but in 2010, we’re doing a pretty good job at that.

  • Sam Barr

    Rachel,

    First, I read your piece carefully several times.

    Second, there is no better way to understand what someone is saying than to quote at length (all of my quotes were full sentences, and there were so many of them that ou can hardly say I cherry-picked).

    Third, the Really?! stuff was a bit, a gag. The responses come after the Really?!’s, and you didn’t respond to a single one of them except by granting my main point, which is that men and women can all possess “manly” qualities so to talk about the “uniqueness” of manhood and the “inherent” characters of men is nonsense.

    Fourth, having granted that point, the ONLY way you can maintain your claim that there is even such a thing as “manliness” is by relying on stereotypes. Thus we get lines like “those are things often attributed to manhood” and “many men do identify with these traits.” Don’t you see that this means that there’s no “inherent good” to manhood? That there’s only a bunch of perceptions, assumptions, and (bum bum bummmm) social constructions?

    Let’s put this more formally:
    Premise 1: Men often (but not always or uniquely) identify and are identified with qualities like courage and confidence and honor.
    Premise 2: These qualities constitute an “inherent good” of manhood.

    These two premises are contradictory unless you are willing to say one or both of two things:
    1. That men who fail to identify with “manly” qualities are not “real” men — that they have failed to achieve their inherent goods.
    and
    2. That women who do identify with these qualities are being “manly,” rather than simply being courageous or confident or honorable.

    Both of those statements are hateful and harmful, and the second one is sexist. Of course it “discludes” women to identify certain positive character traits with men generally rather than with those who possess those traits.

    On another note, I just don’t know where you get the idea that men are under attack and need their self-esteem to be boosted. Where do you see this de-legitimization of courage and honor? I mean, I’m genuinely asking here. One of my biggest problems with your piece was that you never explained what you had a problem with. You just paraphrased Kimmel outrageously, and quoted him saying some reasonable things like “get consent” and “men can and should fight rape.” Where’s the threat, as you see it?

  • lexx

    Wow, so much black and white here.

    Barr, you’re talking like social constructions are bad no matter what. If we strip all our social constructions, we’re left with anguish. We must imagine Sisyphus happy, etc, etc.

    A lot of men are really attached to manhood. And, if we allow ourselves a generalization or two, there really are differences between men and women. Whether they are biological (rather questionable) or conditioned (not at all questionable), the fact is that they exist.

    I guess what Wagley’s trying to say — beneath all the provocative brouhaha — is that there’s another way to deal with the harmful overspillings of masculinity: rather than telling young men that being a man is wrong, we should be showing them nobler things that correspond better to their ‘manly’ values. Turning down sex with a drunk girl requires more honor than going ahead; telling your mates that no, homophobia’s not alright, takes more courage than being a bigot.

    Of course we don’t exclude women from these ‘man’ values — of course they’re values for anyone, and of course men ought too to aspire to a bit of patience here and there — but what’s important is that these values are influential in the male self-image.

    We should be careful that we don’t do to men what we do to the conservatives: make them fight harder by putting them in a corner. Surely guys will listen closer to people that speak their language than they will to people who tell them that most of their values and most of their lifestyle are based on pernicious lies.

  • lexx

    Wow, so much black and white here.

    Barr, you’re talking like social constructions are bad no matter what. If we strip all our social constructions, we’re left with anguish. We must imagine Sisyphus happy, etc, etc.

    A lot of men are really attached to manhood. And, if we allow ourselves a generalization or two, there really are differences between men and women. Whether they are biological (rather questionable) or conditioned (not at all questionable), the fact is that they exist.

    I guess what Wagley’s trying to say — beneath all the provocative brouhaha — is that there’s another way to deal with the harmful overspillings of masculinity: rather than telling young men that being a man is wrong, we should be showing them nobler things that correspond better to their ‘manly’ values. Turning down sex with a drunk girl requires more honor than going ahead; telling your mates that no, homophobia’s not alright, takes more courage than being a bigot.

    Of course we don’t exclude women from these ‘man’ values — of course they’re values for anyone, and of course men ought too to aspire to a bit of patience here and there — but what’s important is that these values are influential in the male self-image.

    We should be careful that we don’t do to men what we do to the conservatives: make them fight harder by putting them in a corner. Surely guys will listen closer to people that speak their language than they will to people who tell them that most of their values and most of their lifestyle are based on pernicious lies.

  • Sam Barr

    Hey Lexx,

    Thanks for your thought-provoking comment.

    In my view, what purports to be a clarification of Wagley’s perspective is really much more of a wholesale revision. You’re making essentially a strategic argument: let’s try to deal with male problems by speaking their language, by showing how being a man means so much more than being aggressive and sexually promiscuous.

    With that argument I have absolutely no quarrel. But it’s not the argument Rachel was making, at least not explicitly.

    I do have a problem with a straw man that both you and Wagley build up: Who exactly are these people “telling young men that being a man is wrong” and that “most of their values and most of their lifestyle are based on pernicious lies”? Who is, as one commenter on the Crimson site puts it, “endlessly repeating the narrative that all young men are just looking for a chance to rape young women”? Who says these things? Really, who?

    Finally, I wasn’t saying that all social constructions are bad, no matter what. That wasn’t my burden of proof. Wagley claims that there is an “inherent good” in being a man, i.e. that manliness is something out there in the world, something objective, rather than something we humans have constructed for ourselves. I strongly disagree. I also think that manliness is a pretty lousy social construct, with more bad than good ramifications, but that’s a separate argument.

    Again, I have no problem with your strategic argument for talking to men about “values [that] are influential in the male self-image.” But you need to go back and see if that is all Wagley is saying. It isn’t.

    Sam

  • lexx

    fair enough

  • Rachel

    Check out some insightful comments on http://trueloverevolution.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/manliness-points-worth-noting/

    I think you’ll find some of your disagreements cleared up.

  • Sam Barr

    As with Lexx (see above), the problem is that these comments, while insightful on their own merits, do not accurately characterize your (Rachel’s) original article. In some instances, this might be the consequence of lack of clarity on your part, but you can’t blame your readers when they find your argument confusing and ambiguous. In other words, maybe you were trying really hard to say what these commenters said, but you didn’t succeed.

    For instance, the second Lowellian says, “I don’t think that the author is stating that manliness is something inherent to men, which women do not posses, and which differentiates men from women.” But Rachel does say that manliness is inherent to men (after all, why else call it manliness?). She calls it “the uniqueness of manhood.” In a comment above, she calls it the “inherent good in being a man.”

    So everybody, including Rachel herself, seems to be backing down from the implication, which was strong if not self-evident in her original article, that certain positive qualities are inherent and unique to men. I guess that’s progress of a sort.

  • Disagree

    No one is backing down from any position. Just because these positive qualities can also be found in women does not mean they’re unimportant in defining manliness. Also, Wagley never said that there are traits that only men exhibit; that is not a fair reading. The fact that lots of guys on campus really appreciated this article means that Wagley is right in drawing gender distinctions. She does not put down either men or women and her argument is very normal to people who don’t read it with the purpose of upholding a feminist agenda.

    The evidence is clear – men and women do tend toward different behaviors and these behaviors mean positive traits come out in different ways. These can overlap but this does not devalue the uniqueness of manhood.

  • Sam Barr

    I do not think it is a misreading of her article to take her as saying that certain qualities are “manly” by nature. She seems, for instance, to disagree with Kimmel’s statement “that there are no good distinctively manly qualities,” and she criticizes him for “rejecting the uniqueness of manhood in a room full of talented men.”

    Now, I don’t know about you, but when I say that something has a “unique” or “distinctive” quality, I mean that nothing else has that same quality. If I said, for instance, that some primate has a “unique” mating ritual, you would understandably take me to be saying that no other primates have that mating ritual.

    Again (this was the point of my first comment above), Rachel cannot have it both ways. She cannot say, as she does in the article, that certain qualities are uniquely manly, but then say, as she does in her first response above, that it’s just that certain qualities are prized by some men and are part of their self-image. The first belief would require her to insult the manhood of men who lack any of her allegedly manly qualities, and also to define as “manly” any women who do possess those qualities. I find both of those possibilities abhorrent: men are not less “manly” if they aren’t risk-takers or whatever, they’re just more risk-averse; by the same token, women are not less “womanly” if they aren’t passive, they’re just more self-confident.

    If Rachel wants to uphold the second belief, the idea that men just happen to prize certain ideals more than others, though, I say more power to her. Let’s just stop pretending not to understand the plain meaning of her words.

    As for the rest of your comment:
    1. The idea that the positive reaction of “lots of guys” means that Wagley was right is laughable. Just because they appreciated being defended doesn’t mean the defense was justified. That’s just not logical.
    2. Yes, men and women do tend towards different behaviors. And I’m not advocating gender sameness. But how many of these different behaviors are “inherent” or “unique,” two words that Rachel uses to describe them? Can you tell me which ones? I’m very curious to hear. Again, that’s my beef: the idea that certain characteristics are inherently manly, and therefore that any female displaying them is acting manly.

  • AM3

    It seems to me that what should be a point of greater contention here has nothing to do with the argument over manliness, but rather with the final bit of political commentary at the end of this article. While it is not at all unacceptable to include negative and even biting criticism of the opposing party in an opinion article, that is not what is occurring here. Instead of making a reasoned argument against conservatism, Barr simply begins with the assumption that Conservatives are wrong, uneducated, antiquated, and “inane.” Now, on a personal level, there is nothing wrong with holding this assumption as one’s personal bigotry (besides being arrogant, ignorant, and thoroughly debatable), such statements, unsubstantiated, have no place in rational argument. If Mr. Barr had written an article in which he had attempted to substantiate these claims, then one may argue against him, but at least it would be a rational argument. It seems to me that such blatant discrimination and utter disregard to the real convictions of (+/-) half of the population is far more “hateful and harmful” than Wagley suggesting that men and women have different motivations or outlooks.

    As a final point, there is nothing hateful about the two premises Barr pointed out in his response to Wagley’s comment. Both are opinions, and convictions held by some people-groups. Wether they are correct or not is a different debate, but I would caution people of all opinions from using the word “hateful” as a deus ex machina to one’s argument, instead of actually enumerating the harmfulness of something.

  • Sam Barr

    You want to talk about misreading? Here we have a priceless one: because I pointed out that other Harvard conservatives have written really inane articles (see Pat Brennan), I’m supposedly saying that all conservatism is inane.

    Anybody who pays attention to campus publications knows what I meant: the same routine happened after the Brennan article a couple of months ago. In a sense it’s inevitable. Conservatism is always going to be controversial on this majority-liberal campus, so its advocates are bound to become insular and isolated. Liberals like myself play an unfortunate role in this cycle, because we always feel obliged to respond and attack. But Harvard conservatives enjoy the fact that we respond, they get off on the controversy they’re capable of generating, and they try to generate it. Maybe that’s not a bad thing, I don’t know. It definitely keeps things lively.

    As for the rest, let me try to get this straight. It is “discrimination” to call a conservative argument “inane,” but the belief that a woman acts “manly” when she is ambitious, confident, and risk-taking is just a “conviction held by some people-groups.” You’re right, I took it at face-value that people would see what’s wrong with sending that message to women. Let me clarify a little: What if you told every African-American student at Harvard that they’re “acting white”? People who exhibit good qualities should be defined by that fact alone, and not by the other people, whether male, white, or whatever, who supposedly embody those good qualities.

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